Which statement best describes the dynamic systems view of motor development?

• A. Only neural networks influence movement
• B. Many internal body systems and external environmental factors influence development
• C. Motor development is dictated solely by genetics
• D. Motor development is determined only by early practice

Answer: (B)

Motor development is shaped by the interaction of multiple internal and external factors rather than a single cause. The dynamic systems view sees movement as emerging from the ongoing integration of various body systems—like strength, balance, coordination, perception, and motivation—working together with task demands, environment, and practice opportunities. Because these elements continuously influence each other, development can vary across individuals and contexts.

For example, when a child learns to kick a ball, factors such as leg strength, coordination, how the ball is perceived, the size of the ball, the surface being stood on, feedback from a teacher, and how much practice is available all interact to shape the kicking pattern that emerges. This perspective moves beyond any one factor and explains why skill development can progress differently depending on the combination of internal capacities and external circumstances.

The other views focus on a single cause—like neural networks, genetics, or early practice—but motor development really results from the dynamic interplay of many factors influencing each movement.