Which of the following conditions can cause impairments in gross motor skill development?

• A. Pervasive developmental disorders
• B. Dyspraxia
• C. All of the options are known causes of gross motor skill delays
• D. Certain genetic conditions such as Down syndrome

Answer: (C)

Gross motor development relies on strength, coordination, balance, and neural planning for large-body movements. A wide range of conditions can disrupt these processes, leading to delays or impairments in gross motor skills. Pervasive developmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, often include motor delays and atypical coordination that affect activities like running, jumping, and throwing. Dyspraxia, or developmental coordination disorder, is characterized specifically by difficulties planning and executing coordinated movements, which directly impacts gross motor tasks. Down syndrome, a genetic condition, commonly involves low muscle tone and ligament laxity, along with other structural differences, that slow the acquisition of gross motor milestones such as sitting, standing, and walking. Because each of these factors can contribute to delays in gross motor development, all of the options represent known causes. When evaluating a child with motor delays, it’s important to consider multiple possible influences and pursue a comprehensive assessment.