Which factor is NOT listed as affecting growth spurts?

• A. Genetics
• B. Nutrition
• C. High grades
• D. Socioeconomic status

Answer: (C)

Growth spurts during adolescence are driven by hormones that regulate height and bone growth. Genetics largely sets when puberty begins and how fast growth occurs, shaping the timing and magnitude of the spurts. Nutrition provides the building blocks for growth—adequate calories, protein, calcium, and other nutrients support bone development and tissue growth, so good nutrition helps maximize growth during this period. Socioeconomic status can influence growth indirectly by affecting access to nutritious foods, healthcare, safe environments, and overall well-being, which in turn can affect growth patterns. High grades, on the other hand, are not a biological or health factor that drives physical growth; academic performance does not alter the hormonal processes that underpin growth spurts. Therefore, high grades are not listed as affecting growth spurts.