Games like dodgeball have largely been excluded from contemporary physical education curricula for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

• A. After participants are out, they spend much of the class inactive.
• B. They can be humiliating and do not foster an inclusive atmosphere.
• C. These games do not promote teamwork and group goal-setting.
• D. There is inadequate class time to play.

Answer: (D)

Focusing on how activities affect all students, dodgeball-type games have been re-evaluated in many physical education programs because of social and participation concerns. After a player is out, many students end up inactive for long stretches, which reduces overall active involvement and can make the activity feel more punitive than inclusive. The format can also be humiliating for some participants, creating a less welcoming climate that undermines a sense of belonging and safety in class. Additionally, because the goal often becomes eliminating others, it doesn’t naturally promote teamwork or shared, cooperative goal-setting, which these curricula aim to develop.

The idea that there isn’t enough time in class to play isn’t a primary reason these games were excluded; time can be managed or allocated with thoughtful planning, and many inclusive activities can fit into typical lesson periods. So the time factor is not the key driver behind removing this type of game.